Al igual que otros países de todo el mundo, Brasil está cada vez más afectado por el cambio climático que está sucediendo. Ubicado en América del Sur, es el quinto país más grande del mundo con 8.51 millones de km², y debido a este tamaño tiene grandes variaciones climáticas. Con el 93% de su territorio ubicado en el hemisferio sur y el 7% en el hemisferio norte, se pueden identificar varios tipos de clima, como ecuatorial, tropical, tropical alto, húmedo tropical, semiárido y subtropical.
Toda esta diversidad hace que Brasil se vea afectado de varias maneras debido a estos cambios. No es posible decir qué fenómenos pueden ocurrir, van desde tornados, inundaciones hasta destrucción de plantaciones, con temperaturas o lluvias en aumento.
Para Brasil, la agricultura es de extrema importancia y una de las principales actividades comerciales, por lo que cuando ocurren fenómenos que afectan a esta productividad, afecta directamente a la economía y a la vida de millones de personas. Con tales variaciones también se ve afectada la calidad de vida en el país, empeorando los aspectos sociales y el índice de desarrollo.
Vemos en el material del portal de noticias brasileño G1 que, “En la selva amazónica, que ocupa casi la mitad del territorio nacional, el calentamiento global también debería aumentar la ocurrencia de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos al este de la región y más inundaciones en el oeste. El estudio evaluó las proyecciones de 35 simulaciones de ordenadores para el clima amazónico y mapeó los impactos más probables del cambio climático en la región frente a un escenario relativamente pesimista en el que las emisiones de CO2 continúan creciendo salvajemente.
Además de la región amazónica en el país se encuentran otros biomas que también se ven afectados, como el “Pantanal”, “Cerrado” y “Mata Atlântica”
Los principales impactos debidos al cambio climático en Brasil son:
– La reducción de los recursos hídricos
– la vegetación semiárida probablemente será reemplazada por una vegetación típica de la región árida
– Probablemente la extinción de especies.
– La disminución de las aguas subterráneas
– El impacto en el nivel de los mares y, por consiguiente, en los manglares
– Entre el 38 y el 45% de las plantas de “cerrado” están en riesgo de extinción y la temperatura aumenta en 1.7 ° C
– El aumento de la sequía
– La conversión de los bosques en cultivos afecta el clima porque altera el albedo regional y el flujo de calor latente, provocando el aumento de temperatura adicional en el verano
– La pérdida de biodiversidad
– El aumento de temperatura y la disminución de agua en el suelo conducirá a la sabanización en la región este
Existe una necesidad real de proyectos que ayuden a mitigar estos efectos junto con la concienciación de la población para que puedan llevar a cabo las acciones que están a su alcance. El cambio climático tiene una proporción mucho mayor, pero si todos hacemos nuestra parte y ayudamos , podemos evitar que todos estos problemas se propaguen de una manera peor.
Nillo Trindade
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